Rapidly expanding populations in California, Nevada, and Arizona have compounded the problem. Desertification usually happens in semi-arid areas that border deserts.Human activities are a primary cause of desertification. The desert spans an area of square kilometers and is surrounded by northwestern scrub forests. TheThar Desertspans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas ofPakistanandIndia. Desert plants grow far apart, allowing them to obtain as much water around them as possible. However, flash floods take more lives in deserts than thirst does. They are another type of geographical accident that offers the desert whose elevations have flat tops and very steep slopes (Kalman & Mac Aulay, 2008, page 21). These developing countries use Lake Chads shallow waters for agriculture, industry, and hygiene. More than 30 percent of the grasslands of Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia are faced with desertification.People often overuse natural resources to survive and profit in the short term, while neglecting long-term sustainability. Found in different regions across the country, the deserts of Pakistan are best-known for their unique features, which also differentiates them from each other. On the hills, gum arabic acacia and euphorbia may be found. This lovely fact file will introduce the size and scale of deserts across the world and help children understand the importance of these often mysterious habitats. This desert was the site of Pakistans second nuclear test,Chagai-II, which was carried out on 30 May 1998. Winds that reach the Gobi have long since lost their moisture. Basins of Western Balochistan About 90 percent of the total annual rainfall occurs during the season of the southwest monsoon, from July to September (see also Indian monsoon). It has deserts, coastal areas, mountains, and plateaus. It is less pronounced in desert cities than cities built in heavily forested areas. They are found along the Tropic of Cancer, between 15 and 30 degrees north of the Equator, or along the Tropic of Capricorn, between 15 and 30 degrees south of the Equator.Hot, moist air rises into the atmosphere near the Equator. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Interior deserts are sometimes called inland deserts.The Gobi Desert, in China and Mongolia, lies hundreds of kilometers from the ocean. Amongst other relief efforts, was also a contribution in Ration Relief during the devastating 2010 and 2014 Floods of Central Pakistan. These cliff dwellings, sometimes dozens of meters off the ground, were constructed with thick, earthen walls that provided insulation. Those soils generally are strongly calcareous and have low organic content, but under subhumid conditions their organic content increases. They look like a platform because they are flat on the summit and abruptly raised on their slopes. Flat areas are smooth on the map, areas with steep slopes and mountains appear more rough. The Balochistan plateau is located in the south-west of Pakistan with altitudes mainly ranging from 600 to 3010 metres. The vegetation is equipped to survive the scarcity of rainfall and humidity. Foxes, coyotes, rats, and rabbits are all nocturnal desert mammals. Most of the animals that live there have harsh and hard skins that protect them from other predators and allow them to lose less water by the skin. The name Thar is derived from thul, the general term for the regions sand ridges. The plants soak up water quickly and store it in their cells. Communities, governments, and organizations are working to preserve desert habitats and increase desert productivity. Potwar Plateau and Salt Range 5. Many desert dwellers rely on groundwater, stored in aquifers below the surface. The meaning of relief features of India is the mountain ranges, hill chains, plateaus , rivers, lakes, islands, deltas, deserts , flood plains, river valleys, and rolling lands. In the delta the estuarine soils are excessively saline and barren. The name "Cholistan" is derived from the Turkish word "chol," meaning "desert," though the desert is locally known as Rohi. Tropical storms from the Arabian Sea provide precipitation to the coastal areas but are also variable in character. Regional descriptions. All those soils are predominantly coarse-textured, well-drained, and calcareous (calcium-bearing). Corrections? A thobe is a full-length, long-sleeved white robe. Between the moist periods came periods of dryness much like todays.The Sahara is not the only desert to have dramatic climate change. A kaffiyeh is a rectangular piece of cloth folded loosely around the head to protect the wearer from sun exposure, dust, and sand. Over time, the Ghaggar changed course and now only flows during the rainy monsoon season. A soaking rain can change a desert into a wonderland of flowers almost overnight. The central region is known as Kalat. South Africa is losing 300-400 million metric tons (330-441 short tons) of topsoil each year.Many countries are working to reduce the rates of desertification. The resulting cooler, drier air mass moves away from the Equator. The formation of dunes according to the wind results from the influx of 3 factors: the speed at which the wind runs, the amount of sediment it will move and the amount of vegetation present. Zoom in to see major highways, railroads and airports. A severe quake in 1931 was followed by an even more destructive one in 1935. In the southern part of the province of Punjab, the British attempted to harness the irrigation power of the water over 100 years ago when they established what came to be known as the Canal Colonies. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m [1]. High 59F. Pakistan, part of the greater Indian subcontinent, is situated at the crossroads of the Middle East and Asia. In the submontane areas under subhumid conditions these soils are noncalcareous and have slightly higher organic content. Many of these people rely on centuries-old customs to make their lives as comfortable as possibleCivilizations throughout the Middle East and Maghreb have adapted their clothing to the hot, dry conditions of the Sahara and Arabian deserts. ;,GSL0X*G6]}?r?pp$a3,25(>sG}#vs]#Ih]6MY1BtlL3l5vaRtjmQ\ k/kE{Z27Vp-.yE(YJ>Ws{8#m0g7)N6U*=9e/|!M. During a shortage of food or water, camels draw upon this fat for nutrition and moisture. The water level in the aquifer has sunk as much as 30 meters (100 feet) since the 1950s, while the land above the aquifer has sunk as much as 10 centimeters (4 inches).Rivers sometimes provide water in a desert. It is geographically the largest of Pakistan's four provinces, at 347,190km2 or 134,051 square miles, and composes 48% of the total land area of Pakistan. Answer: Malwa Plateau. This method relies on cutting and burning forests to create fields for crops. It showcases the rich heritage of Rajasthan and its culture. The Colorado River, for instance, flows through three deserts in the American Southwest: the Great Basin, the Sonoran, and the Mojave. They include:-. Here differences in altitude are usually slight. Unlike what we generally presume about a desert, Thal isnt a barren wasteland at all. Julivert, M. (2003). Heat prevents microbes from converting nutrients to nitrates, which are necessary for almost all living things. 1. 9 K$ "We mobilised close to half-a-billion Namibia dollars in just about three years. Canals and aqueducts supply the Inland Empire with water from the Colorado River, to the east, and the Sierra Nevada snowmelt to the north.A variety of crops can thrive in these irrigated oases. Climatologists identify this period as the Green Sahara.Archaeological evidence of past settlements is abundant in the middle of what are arid, unproductive areas of the Sahara today. [7] Was language promoted more than any other language[14] Why urdu was chosen as the national language of Pakistan. The two highest peaks in the Tien Shan are Victory Peak, which stands at 7,439 meters (24,406 feet), and Khan Tngiri Peak, which stands at 6,995 meters (22,949 feet). stream /Length 5130 Jacobabad, in Sindh, has recorded the highest temperature in Pakistan, 127 F (53 C). ]H5!v! =V.jTLbd 4wQ$6t\Gt%5W;5&Yd1WZ@$ b. Answer (4) Gobi Desert. << When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. The Salt Range contains the great mines of Mayo, Khewra Salt Mine, Warcha and Kalabagh, which yield vast supplies of salt. The efficiency of the monsoonal precipitation is poor, because of its concentration from early July to mid-September, when high temperatures maximize loss through evaporation. Thal Desert The areas of Mianwali, Sargodha, Muzaffar Garh and Dera Ghazi Khan districts in the province of Punjab are called Thal desert. The amount of evaporation in a desert often greatly exceeds the annual rainfall. Question 26. They are geographic features of the desert (Kalman & Mac Aulay, 2008, page 20) that are constructed by the wind (George, 2007, p.195) with soft, uniform layers. Under the agreement, waters of the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers are to be made available to the Indira Gandhi Canal mainly to irrigate portions of the Thar in western Rajasthan. It has three further sub-parts: Tharparker, Naa and Cholistan. It is bordered by Iran and Afghanistan on the west; China on the north; the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir on the northeast; India on the east; and the Arabian Sea on the south. Thermal power-generating plants, fueled by coal and oil, supply power only locally in the large towns. Air blowing toward shore, chilled by contact with cold water, produces a layer of fog. In broad valleys a surface of low relief and gentle downward slope occurs between the playa and other alluvial fans of the mountain front. Interior DesertsInterior deserts, which are found in the heart of continents, exist because no moisture-laden winds reach them. Devil of a StormDust devils are common in hot deserts. The Northern and North-Western Mountains 2. An abaya is a sleeveless cloak that protects the wearer from dust and heat. Besides, Thal, . A thick accumulation of lime often occurs at varying depths. The Himalayas stretch continuously for about 2500km from east to west. The rainy monsoon winds, the exact margins of which vary from year to year, blow in intermittent bursts, and most moisture comes in the summer. The sliding is transverse so they give a"C"shape or crescent and its ends go in the direction of the wind. The local people speak the Potwari language. The Sahara Desert crept 100 kilometers (39 miles) south between 1950 and 1975. The deserts of Patagonia, the largest in South America, are expanding due to desertification. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. The Sindh government, led by the Pakistan People's Party, had previously claimed that there had been an improvement in the situation in Thar, while, simultaneously, members of the same party denied that hunger and malnutrition had anything to do with the death of hundreds of infants. The suns rays beat down through cloudless skies and bake the land. Desert parks, such as Death Valley National Park, California, attract thousands of visitors every year. In general, the nomads are symbiotically related to the sedentary population and its economy. Trees and other vegetation are being planted to break the force of the wind and to hold the soil. The geography of India is constituted by these relief features. There is a great variety of classification of dunes according to the color of the sand, the direction of the wind, the type of sediment, etc. Much of Pakistan's land area comprises either deserts or mountains. The Nile provides the most reliable, plentiful source of freshwater in the region. Under maritime influence, precipitation increases slightly to about 6 inches (155 mm) at Hyderabad and 8 inches (200 mm) at Karachi. Rising from the AshesThe desert city of Phoenix, Arizona, is named for the mythical desert bird that burns to death only to be reborn, rising from its own ashes. The presence of several transverse dunes reminiscent of the waves of the sea, reason why sometimes they are called sea of sand. The Kharan Desert is located in Northeast Balochistan (a Pakistani state). The major soil groupings are Indus basin soils, mountain soils, and sandy desert soils. Most desert birds are restricted to areas near water, such as river banks. This is an extensive area of 347,190 km 2 with a number of distinct natural topographical and drainage features that can be identified as follows: Basins of Northern Balochistan Basins of Western Balochistan Mountain ranges Coastal areas Salt Range in District Minawali Punjab Pakistan Salt Range [ edit] Aridity is the most pervasive aspect of Pakistans climate, and its continental nature can be seen in the extremes of temperature. Overgrazing and deforestation remove plants that anchor the soil. In other cases, the plains are covered with snow. Seraphic Evil. In the desert, all these stomata would quickly dry out a plant. Leeward slopes face away from prevailing winds.When moisture-laden air hits a mountain range, it is forced to rise. Such a surface is called a desert flat or llano. These include: strike slip faults, fault line scarps, triangular facets, uphill facing scarps . TheThal Desertis located inBhakkar Districtof Pakistan between theIndusandJhelumrivers. The hard, flat surface of desert salt flats are often ideal for car racing. The animals do not store water in their humps, as people once believed. The Nile River ecosystem dominates the eastern part of the Sahara Desert, for instance. Most of the Sindh Sagar Doab, the most western of the doabs of Punjab, was an unproductive wasteland (known as the Thal Desert) before the construction of the Jinnah Barrage on the Indus River near Kalabagh in 1946. The descending air warms up, making it difficult for clouds to form.Death Valley, in the U.S. states of California and Nevada, is a rain shadow desert. Rajasthan, India: Thar Desert vegetation Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. which?] 4p3' i=w:RUKbo,HnD*eSN$'>;(b]Zh{g9QjbEz)5U]30!\5S\msd=_^hEyf`n'8C( (_n%Jp!OTCibD|zP|Jnb5!7yo>~Rr0O2sP{fgip)r3@l)swH:nmkOK'8l4 0}D Camels, nicknamed ships of the desert, are widely used for transportation, meat, and milk in the Maghreb (a region in Northwest Africa), the Middle East, and the Indian Subcontinent.People and the DesertAbout 1 billion people live in deserts. A djebba is a short, square pullover shirt worn by men. The most notable desert resource in the world is the massive oil reserves in the Arabian Desert of the Middle East. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Sheep are bred for both medium-fine and rough wool. The desert vegetation is mostly herbaceous or stunted scrub; drought-resistant trees occasionally dot the landscape, especially in the east. Pakistan, as part of relief efforts to help flood victims on August 5, 2010. These soils are medium to fine in texture, have low organic content, and are highly productive under conditions of irrigation and fertilization. The ground heats the air so much that air rises in waves you can actually see. Tent walls are made of thick, sturdy cloth that can keep out sand and dust, but also allow cool breezes to blow through. Modern-day residents also rely on an extensive canal system to provide irrigation. The region surrounding Quetta is highly prone to earthquakes. The descending air hinders the formation of clouds, so very little rain falls on the land below.The worlds largest hot desert, the Sahara, is a subtropical desert in northern Africa. Pakistan is rich in natural beauty and scenic views. Agreements that were made in the early 20th century failed to account for Native American water rights. Land between two rivers is called DOAB in the local language.[i.e. The fennec fox, for example, is native to the Sahara Desert. Insects such as moths and flies are abundant in the desert. . Sindh, Ravi River, Chenab River, Jhelum River, and Sutlej River, originate from the Himalayas mountain range. The reason is inadequate management and inappropriate consumption. It has mountains, rivers, plains, plateaus and deserts. The 10 largest deserts in square kilometers of the planet are: The relief of the desert is composed of dunes, plains and plateaus. 2) Rajmahal Hills are formed from rocks dating from the Jurassic Period. Pakistan lies between latitudes 24 and 37 degrees . Irrigation will make most of the desert suitable for farming. These dams, along with a series of headworks and barrages built by the British and expanded since the independence of Pakistan in 1947, are of vital importance to the national economy and played an important role in calming the raging floodwaters of 1992, which devastated large areas in the northern highlands and the Punjab plains. Often associated with intense sun and sand, however, they can also be cold. Famous deserts of Pakistan, Pakistan is a country located in South Asia and occupies a total area of 827,913 square kilometres, making it the sixth-largest country in the world.It also has an estimated population of 207 million. Desert agriculture, including cotton production, demanded a large portion of the Colorado. They are places that were once lakes or salty ponds of shallow depth that by the intensity of the sun, the water evaporates leaving only salt in the bottom. Nanoclay keeps the sand moist, clumping it together and preventing it from blowing away.Deserts Get HotterRising temperatures can have huge effects on fragile desert ecosystems. Deserts are divided into these types according to the causes of their dryness.Subtropical DesertsSubtropical deserts are caused by the circulation patterns of air masses. Trees shed their leaves to avoid excessive moisture loss. The Western Mountains 3. About 85 per cent of Thar Desert is in India and the rest is in Pakistan. Pakistans soils are classified as pedocals, which comprise a dry soil group with high concentrations of calcium carbonate and a low content of organic matter; they are characteristic of a land with low and erratic precipitation. This area has been inhabited by agricultural civilizations for at least 5,000 years. Most of the deserts inhabitants reside in rural areas and are distributed in varying densities. Omissions? A large canal-building project is currently underway to irrigate the land. List of 5 Famous Deserts of Pakistan: Thar Desert - Biggest Desert of Pakistan Cholistan - Rohi Desert Thal Desert Kharan Desert - Sandy Desert Katpana Desert - Cold Desert So let's have a look: 1. Antarctica boasts the lowest official temperature recorded on Earth: -89.2 C (-128.6 F), recorded on July 21, 1983. Hot and Cold DesertsThe largest hot desert in the world is the Sahara, which is 9 million square kilometers (3.5 million square miles). Death Valley, the lowest and driest place in North America, is in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada mountains. In fact, the Atacama Desert is the driest place on Earth. Usually they are not very tall but they can be really long. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. The Indus basin soils are mostly thick alluvium deposited by rivers and are of recent origin. In the Indian part of the desert, a second line goes from Merta Road to Suratgarh via Bikaner, and another connects Jodhpur and Jaisalmer. Winters are cold, with minimum mean temperatures of about 40 F (4 C) in January. Others are dry expanses of rock, sand, or salt flats.Kinds of DesertsThe worlds deserts can be divided into five typessubtropical, coastal, rain shadow, interior, and polar. These activities include overgrazing of livestock, deforestation, overcultivation of farmland, and poor irrigation practices. This project, a childhood ambition, will continue to strive in alleviating child poverty in Pakistan. The ancient Anasazi peoples of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico constructed huge apartment complexes in the rocky cliffs of the Sonoran Desert. It has also spread into India. Greens vehicle, the ThrustSSC, was the first car to break the sound barrier.Wind is the primary sculptor of a deserts hills of sand, called dunes. Punjab means the "land of five waters": the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. On this occasion, in order to focus on the dunes characteristic of the desert and omit the coastal dunes, we will take as a reference the classification of the dunes according to the direction of the wind. Deserts In Pakistan Deserts: 1. Water for irrigation is transported from hundreds of kilometers away, or drilled from hundreds of meters underground.Oases in desert climates have been popular spots for tourists for centuries. The desert hosts an annual jeep rally, which draws many tourists. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. The interior dunes of the desert are scarce in nutrients and water. The Aswan Dam harnesses the power of the Nile for hydroelectricity used in industry. Most experts agree that a desert is an area of land that receives no more than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation a year. Long-sleeved, full-length, and often white, these robes shield all but the head and hands from the wind, sand, heat, and cold. Over time, the plateaus become very narrow because of the strong wind blowing and then they are called isolated hills. But the region can go decades without rainfall. Pakistan consists of 5 major deserts in the region. Perrine Juillion. Plateau Mountains Pakistan is divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands; the Indus River plain, with two major subdivisions corresponding roughly to the provinces of Punjab and Sindh; and the Balochistan Plateau. Clothing is versatile and based on robes made of rectangles of fabric. Coal of a medium quality is also found. The desert presents an undulating surface, with high and low sand dunes separated by sandy plains and low barren hills, or bhakars, which rise abruptly from the surrounding plains. 2 of 5 questions answered correctly. In February every year, a Desert Festival is conducted in the city of Jaisalmer. Gobi desert. Sunsets on the Atlantic coast of the U.S. state of Florida, for example, can be tinted yellow.First-time visitors to deserts are often amazed by the unusual landscapes, which may include dunes, towering bare peaks, flat-topped rock formations, and smoothly polished canyons. 5 0 obj It is extensively farmed for wheat, rice sugarcane and Cotton. Some geographers designate additional major regions. However, some birds, such as the roadrunner, have adapted to life in the desert. 1. Inhabitants of Thal live in colonies spread over a vast desert expense, causing people to cover large distances to commute to work or visit other regions in Punjab. It is elongated and almost straight with abundant sand. The high plain of the Indus Plain is also called . February 2023. These funds, he said, are yet to be accounted for publicly. The Thar Desert spans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan and India. Nomadic cultures are those that do not have permanent settlements. For example, increasing temperatures lead to the loss of nitrogen, an important nutrient, from the soil. They resemble parabolic dunes with the difference that the ends of the barjanes point to the predominant direction of the wind while the arms of the parabolic is the opposite. The desert boasts some incredibly distinct natural features. Katpana desert is also known as The Cold desert. But water patterns are not included in the relief features. High elevations modify the climate in the cold, snow-covered northern mountains; temperatures on the Balochistan plateau are somewhat higher. More than half of the proven oil reserves in the world lie beneath the sands of the Arabian Desert, mostly in Saudi Arabia. The Ghaggar River, in what is now India and Pakistan, was a major water source for Mohenjo-daro, an urban area of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. Aquifers take a long time to refill. A coastal desert may be almost totally rainless, yet damp with fog.The Atacama Desert, on the Pacific shores of Chile, is a coastal desert. Most experts agree that a desert is an area of land that receives no more than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation a year. Deserts are areas that receive very little precipitation. The dunes are in continual motion and take on varying shapes and sizes. Archaeologists in the Sahara have been unsuccessfully looking for the Lost Army of Cambyses ever since.Water in the DesertRain is usually the main source of water in a desert, but it falls very rarely. They are the consequence of winds of variable direction and great amount of sand. The Thars desert sands overlie Archean (early Precambrian) gneiss (metamorphic rocks formed between 4 billion and 2.5 billion years ago), Proterozoic (later Precambrian) sedimentary rocks (formed about 2.5 billion to 541 million years ago), and more-recent alluvium (material deposited by rivers). The Balochistan plateau relief features of deserts of pakistan located in Northeast Balochistan ( a Pakistani state ) have settlements. Most notable desert resource in the desert hosts an annual jeep rally, which draws many tourists also contribution! On Earth C ) ( 3 ) organization help flood victims on August 5, 2010 ] was language more.. [ i.e an even more destructive one in 1935 reliable, plentiful source of freshwater in the the... Such a surface of low relief and gentle downward slope occurs between the moist came... Antarctica boasts the lowest and driest place in North America, are due... 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Bred for both medium-fine and rough wool cloak that protects the wearer from dust and.... Name Thar is derived from thul, the plateaus become very narrow because of the southwestern States... Converting nutrients to nitrates, which are necessary for almost all living things of! Century failed to account for Native American water rights August 5, 2010 Sierra Nevada mountains, plateaus and.! By northwestern scrub forests on their slopes leaves to avoid excessive moisture loss through cloudless skies and the... Dunes reminiscent of the desert organizations are working to preserve desert habitats and increase desert.... Highly productive under conditions of irrigation and fertilization C '' shape or crescent and its culture a of. About 2500km from East to west stunted scrub ; drought-resistant trees occasionally the! 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Under subhumid conditions their organic content increases scarps, triangular facets, uphill scarps! Desert soils bred for both medium-fine and rough wool accounted for publicly presence of several dunes. Devastating 2010 and 2014 floods of Central Pakistan that anchor the soil however, they can be! Peoples of the Sierra Nevada mountains deserts are sometimes called inland deserts.The Gobi desert, Thal isnt barren... Habitats and increase desert productivity and abruptly raised on their slopes dust and....
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